Well... we're pretty Western and we kind of subjugated the shit out of this entire continent. Some might argue this entire hemisphere. I hate to make it look like "whataboutism" but that's kind of how humanity works. I don't feel bad about what our forebears did and I'm personally much better off because of it. But it is what it is.Partly culture and tradition. That said, in modern Western culture you're not supposed to use that otherness to subjugate other groups. Out of many we are one, one of the tenets that served as the basis for the unification of the states. It's also the basis for a healthy and well ordered society.
Given some of the foundational doctrine behind Islam and Judaism, they both seem to be incompatible with Western civilization. If a group sees themselves as superior how will they assimilate? If that otherness causes a minority population to view the founding majority as their lesser, what's stopping them from exploiting that society and it's people?
Every religion sees itself as superior. "We're God's people, and these others aren't."
Our country was founded on values that were based heavily on the Judean and Christian traditions. Christianity came from Judaism. Jesus was a Jew. All of these things are intertwined.
I guess what I'm saying about Judaism is that its "otherness" is not unique in our world, or even in our country. I also think we are conflating the Ultra Orthodox Jewish tradition with mainstream Judaism. Even within Judaism, the Ultra-Orthodox are considered extremists. I don't think I know any Ultra Orthodox Jews, and the interactions I've had with him have been... interesting (there's a large community just up the road). But far and away most Jews I've dealt with here in America are like most Americans and want the same things for themselves, their children, and America. Even if their religion (and, usually, their politics) are different from mine, I can work with that.

